What does specificity refer to in exercise programming?

Specificity in exercise programming refers to the principle that training should be aligned with the specific goals and outcomes desired by an individual. This means that the exercises, intensity, volume, and type of training must closely match the individual's objectives, whether those are to improve strength, endurance, flexibility, or sport-specific skills. For example, a runner will benefit more from training that focuses on running mechanics and distance rather than activities unrelated to running.

This principle ensures that the adaptations made by the body during training are relevant to the goals set by the individual, leading to more efficient and effective results. By incorporating specificity into a training program, individuals can maximize their performance improvements by targeting the relevant muscle groups, energy systems, and movement patterns associated with their goals.